The latest development in gene technology is the array scanner. Also referred to as a microarray scanner, the array scanner uses a specific microscope tray to detect DNA sequences and genes, analyzing how they are expressed. Array scanners are used widely in cancer research, and as the technology becomes more refined, these scanners are becoming more beneficial to other areas in the medical world.
DNA Microarray
Known as a DNA chip or biochip, this microarray uses a DNA sample as detection for specific mutations that can lead to cancer.
Carbohydrate Array
This array is also referred to as a glycoarray. It screens for the protein sets within a specimen that bind to carbohydrates or sugars.
Antibody Microarrays
The antibody array is also known as the antibody chip. The antibodies produced by our immune systems are proteins that react to specific pathogens that enter our body. These pathogens, also called antigens, can be detected within a sample using this array.
Phenotype Microarrays
Also called PMs, these microarrays detect gene and protein expression within specific cells and are used in multiple areas including:
- Drug development
- Toxicology testing
- Genomics
Peptide Microarrays
Peptides are the chemical bonds the hold proteins, like antibodies, together. Peptide microarrays analyze these bonds, allowing for the identification of antibodies.
Reverse Phase Protein Microarrays
Using a serum sample, this microarray can be used in cancer research. It can help identify biomarkers on genes that a body may produce when there is a mutation within the cells. It is currently used for cancer clinical trials.
Chemical Compound Microarrays
With the ability to identify the small molecules produced by some pharmaceuticals, this array is valuable in the realm of drug discovery and screening.
In the world of medicine and research, array and microarray scanners can provide knowledge to improve the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases on a cellular level.
